ABSTRACT
Goal: this article analyzes the impact of a number of factors of a different nature on the financial and economic "resilience" of the business of Russian small entrepreneurs during the period of external shocks (Pandemic, situation across Ukraine). Methodology: the empirical base of the papers consist of the data of five waves of small business longitudinal study (initial number - 750 people), implemented in 2021-2022 by the Foundation "Public Opinion". To analyze the panel data, multinomial logistical regression with fixed effects was chosen (FE-model). Findings: the article shows that: the age of the business is not a significant factor that can explain the resilience of the business reaction to external shocks;the larger the market, the higher the likelihood that the business will either be sustainably developing even during shocks, or will perform resiliently under external shocks;opportunity driven motivation is more likely to promote resilience than necessity driven motivation, and is more often typical for entrepreneurs whose businesses are even growing under external shocks;the use of innovations does not lead to business resilience under external shocks - at least on the materials of the available panel of respondents. Originality and contribution: the paper's contribution to the existing literature consists of following. First, it is the first attempt to differentiate several factors which presumably might affect SMEs resilient reaction on external shocks taking the dynamics of their behavior, but not basing on the data of a one-time study. It came out that neither the age of business, nor the use of innovative solutions have any prolonged impact on it. Moreover, the share of resilient businesses led by entrepreneurs driven by the opportunity to increase their income is similar to those necessity driven entrepreneurs, while IDO entrepreneurs it is much higher. The finding that the volume of the market is positively connected with the resilience during shocks confirms the importance of studying the effects of the volume of businesses' operations on its stable performance. The limitation of the study is as a relatively short period of observation (July 2021 - July 2022).
ABSTRACT
The situation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Russian Federation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictive measures introduced by the state are analyzed in the context of the long-term dynamics of the sector and changes in public policy towards SMEs over the last two decades. Based on the analysis of official statistics and business demographics in 2005-2020, it is revealed that unfavorable trend - first of all, a decline in business start ups and an increase in firms' shutdowns - in the sector had developed already before the crisis of 2008 and further it continued to progress. The main factors for such negative dynamics have been analyzed by the authors both in Russia as a whole and in different groups of regions. The study shows that negative developments of the SME in the country should be understood in the context of negative socio-economic changes influenced by a series of established institutional traps which occurred during the systemic transition and the limited effectiveness of the measures applied to support SMEs. An analysis of the feasibility and efficiency of the urgent state support measures of small business under the CIVID-19 has been carried out. In conclusion, the authors draw practical recommendations on the principles of reloading the public policy toward SME which should be formed in future after the pandemic, as well as indicate possible junctions in their implementation. © 2020 National Research University Higher School of Economics. All rights reserved.